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Principles from "Permaculture: A Designers' Manual" by Bill Mollison

Work with nature rather than against

Make the least change for the greatest possible effect

The problem is the solution

Sandy James and Nancy Bell with some of the harvest from their forest garden in 2014

The yield of a system is theoretically unlimited

Blackbird collectin nesting material

Everything gardens (or modifies its environment)

David Holmgren Principles

Observe and Interact

Observe and Interact

Catch and Store Energy

Catch and Store Energy

Obtain a Yield

Apply Self-regulation and Accept Feedback

Apply Self-regulation and Accept Feedback

Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services

Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services

Produce no Waste

Produce no Waste

Design from Patterns to Details

Design from Patterns to Details

Integrate rather than Segregate

Integrate rather than Segregate

Use Small and Slow Solutions

Use and Value Diversity

Use and Value Diversity

Use Edges and Value the Marginal

Use Edges and Value the Marginal

Creatively Use and Respond to Change

Creatively Use and Respond to Change

Principles from "Introduction to Permaculture" by Bill Mollison & Reny Mia Slay

River with swans, showing the riverbank as an edge

Edge effects

Zones

Efficient energy planning: zone, sector and slope

Wind farm

Everything works both ways

Each important function is supported by many elements

Hedgerow

Each element performs many functions

Photo: Blekky Schorr, 'Love Canal, NY Oct. 2012. Abandoned neighborhood of the City of Niagara Falls, NY.' used under Creative Commons Attribution license.

Accelerating succession and evolution

Composting kitchen scraps

Cycling of energy, nutrients, resources

Apple tree guild at Dial House

Diversity; including guilds

Learning together in a group circle at the international permaculture convergence, uk 2015

Permaculture is information and imagination-intensive

Relative Location

Small-scale intensive systems; including plant stacking and time stacking

Pigs waiting for food

Using biological resources

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